$65.98
Supernatant Synbiotic Formula from BioImmersion is a whole probiotic with Supernatant metabolites and microRNA, to help protect and balance the gut’s microbiome. The Supernatant Synbiotic Formula is an effective antimicrobial.
Out of stock
The Supernatant Synbiotic Formula is an effective antimicrobial.* BioImmersion’s advanced Super Blend of naturally occurring whole probiotic organisms with their Supernatant metabolites and microRNA (ORNs – Oligoribonucleotides) contains important nutrients and factors that help protect and balance the gut microbiota. 34 billion CFU per gram.*
Supernatant (or as some call it postbiotic or parabiotic) is the fermented “soup” that contains powerful probiotic metabolites: enzymes, such as bile hydrolase, lactase, and others, peptides, proteins, vitamins, short chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, biosurfactants, microRNA or ORNs, and other nutritional substances. Supernatant and microRNAs are the power behind the new emerging research on immune-biotics: the antimicrobial qualities exerted by probiotics and their metabolites (Arena et al., 2018).*
Features / Benefits:
SUPERNATANT SYNBIOTIC FORMULA
BioImmersion’s Probiotic Super Blend is an advanced formulation of naturally occurring whole probiotic organisms with their Supernatant metabolites and Oligoribonucleotides (ORNs or MicroRNA). 30 billion CFU per gram.*
The super blend includes: Probiotics-Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus; Prebiotics- Inulin from Chicory root; Supernatant [or postbiotic]– a nutritional metabolites “soup” that is created from each of the probiotic organisms, which include their lactic acid, enzymes, vitamins, short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, bio-surfactants, bile salt hydrolase, and their ORNs (Oligoribonucleotides; microRNA). The supernatant is freeze-dried along with the good bacteria to form a powerful antimicrobial formula.*
Short chain fatty acids are also known to be the main nutritive energy source for the enterocytes (cells of the intestinal lining), hence, increasing production of short chain fatty acids improves the overall integrity of the GI tract membrane and tightening up cell junctions.*
Our probiotics are naturally occurring, whole organisms with their microRNAs (what ORNs are made of), they wake up quickly and are ready to multiply and build a robust healthy ecosystem in our alimentary canal, from mouth to anus. In order for probiotic to multiply, they need particular foods: dietary fiber and prebiotics they can metabolized in the GI Tract. Inulin, polyphenols, and beta glucan have been found to be excellent sources of fiber and prebiotic for microbes to ferment and metabolize (Holscher & Holscher et al., 2017; 2015, Etxeberria et al., 2013). The Supernatant Synbiotic formula is Vegan, Kosher, Non GMO, and free of Dairy, Soy, and Gluten.*
Supernatant Synbiotic Formula was developed to address the mounting problem of life-threatening hospital generated infections (nosocomal infections) from organisms such as C. difficele, Staph aureus, Klebseilla, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. The formula is comprised of supernatant’s many nutrients including the well-researched antibacterial substances such as bacteriocins, which suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Cotter & Hill, 2013). Probiotics and their supernatant’s metabolites, including microRNA (or ORNs) are shown in research to regulate a balanced ecosystem in the GI tract and protect against bacterial pathogens (Aguilar et al., 2019; Chenoll et al., 2017; Goldenberg et al., 2013; Górska et al., 2016; Kawahara et al., 2015).*
A synbiotic: Synbiotic is defined as a “mixture of a prebiotic and a probiotic that beneficially affects the host by enhancing the survival and the implantation of live microbial dietary supplements in the gut, by selectively stimulating growth and/or activating the metabolism of a specific or few number of health-promoting bacteria” (Gibson & Roberfroid, 1995; Roberfroid, 2002). Most of BioImmersion’s probiotics formulas are synbiotics, which means they include prebiotics from plant fibers and inulin from chicory root. Inulin is naturally found in many different plant foods, such as garlic, onions, asparagus, chicory, artichokes, bananas, and more (Gibson et al., 1994; 2010).*
The Microbiome Project has taught us thathuman microbiota, the microorganisms that live inside us (GI Tract, mouth, vagina) and on us (skin), consist of trillion symbiotic microbes (Ursell et al., 2012). First coined as “microbiome” by Joshua Lederberg in 2001, microbiome is the combined genes of the microbiota, and signifies “the ecological community of commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganism that literally share our body space and have been all but ignored as determinants of health and disease.” In other words, the microbial communities. Rob Knight emphasizes that there are10 trillion human cells to 100 trillion microbial cells (2017, TED talk) – which means, there are more of ‘them’ than of ‘us.’ Aptly, Turnbaugh et al. (2012) describes this amazing genome collective of human and ‘other’ as a human “supra-organism.”
Supra-Organism: How do we achieve harmony and health as a human supra-organism? Just like plants rely on their microbiome for life-support functions (e.g., nutrients acquisition and protection against stressors and pathogens), so do humans rely on their microbiome for better health (Pérez-Jaramillo et al., 2018). Since each person embodies a unique system of human genes as well as harbors a “core set of specific bacterial taxa” (Qin et al., 2010), researchers are coming to the conclusion that plant-based foods healthily build our body cells and contribute the right nutrients and fiber to our core microbiota. In essence, researchers of traditional tribes find that the ‘hunter-gather’ still eats more plant-based diet, high in fiber, and very low animal meat, while the Western or modern societies eat protein and meat intensive diets (Caprara, 2018; Desmond et al., 2018; Gomez et al., 2016; Obregon-Tito et al., 2015; Schnorr et al., 2016, 2014; Turnbaugh et al., 2009; Ley et al., 2006).
Hence, achieving a healthy ‘supra-organism’ requires a combination of plant-based foods that nourishes and healthily feed both micro-organisms and human beings — precisely the principles that BioImmersion employ in the super blend and other formulations. To quickly form healthy colonies, organisms must have the type of foods they need – plant fiber and polyphenols. Food & microbial science show a special interactive relationship between polyphenols from plant-foods and probiotics–a ‘two-way relationship between polyphenols ←→ microbiotia,’ each helps the other, and together they modulate the gut microbiota to benefit human health (Cardona et al., 2013; Pathak et al., 2018).
MICROBIAL ECOLOGY
History: Probiotics are transient organisms found in a variety of fermented foods, from grains, to fruits, vegetables, legumes like soy, and dairy. Historically, these foods were consumed daily in every part of the world. Probiotic microorganisms belong mostly to the following genera: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Lactococus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus (Markowiak & Śliżewska, 2017).
In 1965, Lilly & Stillwell defined the meaning of probiotics as substances produced by protozoan which stimulated another organism, in opposition to antibiotic which inhibits or kills other organisms. Parker (1974) later defined probiotics as ‘organisms and substances which contribute to intestinal microbial balance,’ while Savage (1977) described the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract as “1014 [100 trillion] indigenous prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial cells” (p. 107). Microbial organisms were further described by Fuller (1989; 1992) as a supplemental food, ‘live microbial feed supplement’ that effect the host (animal or human) by improving intestinal microbial ecology and balance. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined probiotics as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amount confer a health benefits on the host” (2001; see also Tufarelli & laudadio, 2016).
In October 2013, the International Scientific Association gathered an expert panel to redefine and discuss probiotics. The agreement that probiotics confer health benefits was reinforced, and a more accurate wording was used to describe probiotics as, “live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host” (Hill et al., 2014). In this way, the panel differentiated between probiotics as microorganisms and the commensals that are natural in the gut microbiota. However, when these commensal strains are collected from the gut, isolated, and characterized as giving health benefits, they can then be referred to as probiotics. In other words, probiotics need to show they are effective. Unfortunately, the term probiotic is used to sell skin care, shampoos and all sorts of other products, without the due diligence that signify the effectiveness of the probiotic, and therefore, misleading the public. To use the term ‘probiotic’ – a health effect must be shown (Hill et al., 2014).
Lactic acid bacterial (LAB): LAB species typically produce lactic acid as a main end-product of carbohydrate and fiber fermentation. LAB organisms are known for their adhesion to the mucus layer of the GI tract. This mucus layer plays an important role in protecting the intestinal epithelial cells against pathogens and damage, as well as provide a perfect milieu for LAB organisms to attach, grow and form their communities (Nishiyama et al., 2016). Streptococcus thermophilus is not part of the Lactobacillus species although this microorganism is also considered a lactic acid bacterium (Kechagia et al., 2012). Bifidobacterium uses a different metabolic pathway, and its name is actually a ‘misnomer’ as very few Bifidobacterium adopt a bifid morphology (even when exposed to stressful conditions), while the rod structure is the intrinsic morphology of the majority (Rajashekharan et al., 2017).
Beneficial Microbiota Milieu: Probiotic organisms have the potential to shift the gut microbiota milieu (composition) from a pathogenic predominance to a more beneficial micro-biotic ecosystem (Costello et al., 2012; Schnorr et al., 2016; Zitvogel et al., 2017). The fermentation process by probiotics in the gut microbiota keep at bay harmful pathogens by preventing their growth (Anzaku & Pedro, 2017). They assist the body’s immune system and contribute to a host of other positive health benefits. When the balance in the microbiome shifts toward a pathogenic community, it weakens the abilities of the helpful microbiota communities. An impaired microbiome is repeatedly shown in research to lead into conditions such as obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and other chronic illnesses (Patil et al., 2012; Schnorr et al., 2016; Kobyliak et al., 2016).
An important conversation in the scientific community is the role probiotic play in creating or modifying the composition of the gut microbiota toward better health (Sanders et al., 2018; Bron et al., 2017; Sanders, 2016). Globally, obesity is progressing and almost at the level of a pandemic, causing other chronic metabolic diseases to manifest (Dahiya et al., 2017). Since probiotics are transient in nature, and the gut lining continues to shed and renew its cells, how long do probiotic microbes stay in the gastrointestinal tract? And does a shorter duration have a power to create a healthy microbiome? Some say that although probiotics may not reside in the gut longer than two weeks, they do offer many benefits (Sanders et al., 2018), while others see a need for more specific research on fecal microbiota and probiotics (Kristensen et al., 2016).
At the core of this discussion is the need for a unified global regulatory frameworks and research methods, including a universal classification (nomenclature) of probiotic organisms to decrease consumer confusion and improve the scientific requirement for the commercial industry at large (Sanders et al., 2011). The gut microbial community includes bacteria (anaerobic and aerobic), viruses, fungi, with a variety of disease-causing pathogens and parasites (Howarth & Wang, 2013). Some microorganisms are shown to be helpful for human health, while others cause much distress. We have discussed how our diet, in particular, heavy consumption of meat, eggs, and dairy, change the composition of the microbiome (Matthews et al., 2018; Singh et al., 2017), but moreover, exposure to pesticides and herbicides (Stanaway et al., 2017), and other foods and environmental chemicals (Roca-Saavedra et al., 2017), create a heavy burden on the body’s ability to function well. As research continues to uncover new facets of research on micro-organisms, including probiotics, we will update this document. Stay tune also to Seann Bardell’s Forward Thinking emails found in the News within the Resources tab: http://blog.bioimmersion.com.
What do probiotic achieve in our GI Tract? Although the gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, probiotics have exhibited many health benefits, including weight loss and improvement of metabolic diseases (Dahiya et al., 2017), boosting and supporting the immune system (de Vos et al., 2017), strengthening the intestinal barrier function (Blackwood et al., 2017), supporting colicky babies (Rhoads et al., 2018; Pärtty et al., 2012), and of course competing against pathogenic bacteria (Szajewska et al., 2016; Ayala et al., 2014; Johnston et al., 2012; Manzoni et al., 2006).
Even more so, probiotic organisms perform multitudes of other beneficial functions in the body: research shows that probiotics help to lower toxins (Yu et al., 2016; Qixiao et al., 2015; Amalaradjou & Bhunia, 2012), keep cholesterol down (Cani et al., 2011, 2009), assist in weight management (Everard & Cani, 2013), digestion and absorption of nutrients (Wang & Ji, 2018; Francavilla et al., 2017), elimination (Eskesen et al., 2015; Dimidi et al., 2014), and even function as anti-aging mediators (Buford, 2017; Nagpal et al., 2018). In other words, probiotics are shown in research to maintain a healthy ecological balance in the human gut and perform many beneficial functions.
SUPERNATAT
What is supernatant? Supernatant is the fermented medium created during the culturing process of probiotics. Supernatant is the fermented “soup” that contains important probiotic metabolites, such as enzymes, peptides, proteins, vitamins, short chain fatty acids, and other nutrients and factors, including antimicrobials such as Bacteriocins that may be used as a possible alternative to antibiotics (Cotter, Ross, & Hill, 2013; Yang et al., 2014). Supernatant, or as some call it, “postbiotic” (Auilar-Toalá et al., 2018), or “parabiotic” (Choudhury & Kamilya, 2018), is shown in research to have powerful antimicrobial properties with the potential to block adhesion, invasion and translocation of E. coli, yet it is gentle enough to be used to ‘enhance neonatal resistance to systemic Escherichia coli K1 infection by accelerating development of intestinal defense’ (He et al., 2017). In fact, Lazar et al.’s (2009) in vitro study concluded that the soluble probiotic metabolites, or supernatant, might actually interfere with the beginning stages of adherence and colonization of selected E. coli. This means that the supernatant itself exudes protective effects (Lazar et al., 2009), as well as work synergistically with probiotic organisms to stimulate the immune system against pathogenic invasion (Ditu et al., 2014).
Immunobiotics: The combination of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites is given much consideration as a method to improve human immune response against viral and fungal overgrowth. The term “immunobiotic” is a relatively new way to describe the antimicrobial qualities exerted by probiotics and their metabolites (Arena et al., 2018). The term ‘immunobiotic’ has been proposed to define beneficial microbes with the ability to regulate the immune system and lower inflammation of the gut tissue (Villena & Kitazawa, 2017; Villena et al., 2016). For example, the probiotics L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum carry immunobiotic properties and are shown to increase protection against viral intestinal infections (Albarracin et al., 2017). In a different study on mice, Kikuchi et al. (2014) discovered that oral administration of L. plantarum enhanced IgA secretion in both intestine and lung tissues, supporting against influenza virus infection. Immunobiotics, the combination of probiotics and their supernatant metabolites, have been found to support and benefit respiratory immunity (Zelaya et al., 2016), modulate mucosal cytokine profiles, IgA levels, and more, in various conditions of gastrointestinal inflammation (Carvalho et al., 2017).
Bacteriocins and Antimicrobial Properties: One of the properties that is given much attention is the bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides of bacteriocins (e.g., Cotter & Hill, 2013; Yang et al., 2014; Cotter et al., 2005). Already in 2005, Cotter & Hill observed that bacteriocin nisin functions by binding to lipid II, which is also the target of vancomycin antibiotic. This led to the suggestion that ‘bacteriocin nisin’ could be used as a template to design novel drugs. In 2018, the research to discover the mechanism of bacteriocin against pathogenic activity, including Staphylococcus aureus, continued with the discovery of critical features in the structure of bacteriocins that gives it such a ‘potent activity against pathogenic staphylococci’ (O’Connor et al., 2018).
Metabolic Disorders: Intestinal dysbiosis and endotoxemia have been linked to metabolic disorders: obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (Leite et al., 2017). Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is a molecular element of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and typically consist of lipid A (or endotoxin), a ‘core’ oligosaccharide, and a distal polysaccharide, (or O-antigen). LPS also are found in diverse Gram-negative bacteria, many of which are pathogenic to both humans and plants (Raetz & Whitfield, 2002). LPS (also termed endotoxin) serves as a shield from the environment and at the same time is recognized by the immune system as a marker for the entrance (or invasion) of pathogens, which in turn causes inflammatory response, and in an extreme response can bring about endotoxic shock (Rosenfeld & Shai, 2006). LPS causes inflammatory immunogens that circulate at low grade levels in healthy individuals, while high continuous levels instigate pro-inflammatory markers in the blood, e.g., interleukin-6, interleukin-1-alpha, interferon-gamma, triglycerides and post-prandial insulin. Proinflammatory markers are correlated with the risk of developing a variety of chronic illness, including increase risk of atherosclerosis (Erridge et al., 2007; see Cani et al., 2007).
Since the body is a mechanism of many interactive systems and components, a reaction in one system can instigate a positive or a negative chain of events in another. For example, in a clinical study, Leite et al. (2017) demonstrated that Gram-negative species (e.g., Bacteroides vulgatus and rodentium) were found in stools of individuals with type 2 diabetes, as well as an increase of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) in their plasma. In other words, gut dysbiosis and metabolic endotoxemia have been linked to metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance (van Olden et al., 2015). The gut microbiota contributes to many processes in the human host’s body, and the host provides a place of residence for the survival of the microorganisms (Leite et al., 2017). This give and take relationship has to be delicately balanced.
Epigenetic Changes: Bhat et al. (2017) considers dietary metabolites that are derived from the gut microbiotic population as critical modulators of epigenetic changes in both animals and humans. Nutrients in the gut are produced by microbial metabolisms of fiber, which means that short-chain fatty acids, polyamines, polyphenols, vitamins, and other metabolites, participate in “various epigenomic mechanisms that reprogram the genome by altering the transcriptional machinery of a cell in response to environmental stimuli” (Bhat et al., 2017). In other words, what we eat does modulate our gut which in turn can influence our health through modulations of genes.
Potent Immune Boosting Nutrients: Adding the natural supernatant metabolic ‘soup’ of potent nutrients that probiotic organisms create while they grow and multiply is showing great potential for human health. Immunobiotics is a study field that endeavors to understand how microorganisms and their supernatant interact with the immune system to support a healthy functioning body (e.g., Górska et al., 2016). Studies on probiotics and their supernatant metabolites are ongoing and add much to our understanding of Turnbaugh et al. (2012) “supra-organism” description of our bodies as an amazing genome collective of human cells and ‘other’ cells.
Continue to learn what supernatant and probiotics do by reading articles in the Research tab.
microRNA or ORNs (Oligoribonucleotides)
History: Probiotics have had a long history in helping farmed animals combat gut disfunctions caused by overuse of antibiotics to stimulate faster growth. In the 1950s the readily available antibiotics gave rise to the concern that using it as a substance to promote growth was creating resistant populations of bacteria, which means that antibiotics would lose effectiveness against infections from bacteria. Although in 1969 antibiotics were restricted as a growth promotor, the use has not subsided until very recently with the rise of organic and grass-fed animal farms. Fuller (1989) noted that antibiotics have a long-lasting upsetting effect in the gut because of the imbalance caused in the indigenous gut flora. In today’s language, antibiotics disrupt the natural microbiome, causing various diseases (Langdon et al., 2016). Probiotics offer a practical solution as an alternative therapy. For example, they exert antimicrobial properties by inhibiting adhesion of pathogens to the mucosa (Salas-Jara et al., 2016; Chenoll et al., 2011), or produce bacteriocins lethal to the pathogens, as we have seen above in the supernatant section (Reid & Burton, 2002)
MicroRNA Immune-Modulating: Bacteria release immune-modulating molecules when entering the mouth, such as ribonucleic acid or RNA, as though they are ready to defend themselves. Small pieces of RNA, called MicroRNA (miRNA) or oligoribonucleotides (ORNs), are released by pathogenic bacteria as well as a beneficial bacterium such as Lactobacillus casei, which we find in fermented foods like yogurts. Other lactobacillus organism occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables. Marshall (2010) tested L. Casei among other beneficial probiotics to assess their readiness to fight pathogenic organisms in case of invasion and found that these small pieces of RNA or ORNs control the expression of growth genes in the pathogen’s genomes. The bacteria grow faster after releasing the ORNs, mounting a better defense system to invading bacterial infections (Marshall, 2014).
MicroRNA (or ORNs) play important regulatory role in physiological processes in animals (and plants), and is studied for miRNA-based therapeutics (Wahid et al., 2010). miRNA regulate gene expression in all aspects of biology, with certain endogenous miRNAs participating in antiviral defense mechanisms, such as miR-32 with inhibitory effects against the retrovirus type 1 (PFV-1; similar to human immunodeficiency virus such as Epstein-Barr and others) and protects human cells from PFV-1 (Lecellier et al., 2005). Other studies, such as Ma et al. (2011) found another miRNA (miR-29) controlling innate and adaptive immune response to intracellular bacterial infection. With dysbiosis of the gut, inflammation hasten immunological imbalances, influencing the onset of many chronic illnesses, including cancer. The opposite is also a viable solution – maintaining the health of the microbiome (Cianci et al., 2019).
Lactobacillus acidophillus and Bifidobacterium bifidum regulate and modulate the GI-tract, increasing production of certain microRNA that improve colon cancer treatment (Heydari et al., 2018). From the GI-tract to the brain, Zhao et al. (2019) have shown that probiotics protect against inflammatory neurodegeneration caused by neurotoxins in the gut, contributing to a healthier brain function. Probiotics with their supernatant and microRNA or ORNs regulate and support a balanced function of the GI-tract. MicroRNA have emerged as major players in the interaction between host (human body) and bacterial pathogens, with an integral part in the host immune response to bacterial infection (Aguilar et al., 2019; Sunkavali et al., 2017).
Read more on supernatant, chronic illnesses and the science of healthy longevity in our No 7 Systemic Booster: The New Longevity, Here.
PREBIOTIC & FIBER
Definition: “A prebiotic is a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microbiota that confers benefits upon host well-being and health” (Tufarelli & Laudadio, 2016; Gibson et al., 2017; 2014; Macfarlane et al., 2006). A prebiotic is a fiber that resists digestion in the upper bowel and ferments easily in the colon by probiotic organisms. Prebiotic fibers are imperative for the survival and success of microorganisms, without adequate amounts of prebiotic fiber, probiotic cannot successfully grow and replicate in the gut (Holscher, 2016). To positively modulate the composition and ecosystem of the gut, fiber, both plant fibers and prebiotic fibers that are designated as ‘prebiotic’ are a must have daily nutritional food (David et al., 2014).
History: In 1995, Gibson & Roberfroid introduced the concept of prebiotic as a useful non-digestible fiber such as oligosaccharides, and in particular, fructo-oligosaccharides. In 2017, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) released a consensus statement on the definition of scope of prebiotics: The realization that prebiotic fibers stimulate probiotic bacteria’s growth and ability to replicate successfully, and in turn, a healthy community of probiotics modulates the colon’s microbiota by positively changing the ecosystem balance in the GI Tract (Gibson et al., 2017).
Prebiotic Criteria: Following this consensus, three criteria are required for a prebiotic: 1. That the fiber resists digestion by host (fibers that humans cannot digest in the stomach, such as inulin), 2. that the fiber can be fermented by intestinal microorganisms, and 3. The fibers can stimulate the growth and activity of intestinal bacteria associated with health and well-being (Gibson et al., 2017, p. 492). In other words, adding inulin or other non-digestible fibers to a probiotic formula makes sense. Not only do the fibers help selective organisms grow, a prebiotic also must ‘evoke a net health benefit’ (p. 493). Prebiotics, in fact, activates the bacteria in the gut and improve ‘distant sites’ in the body, such as effecting bone strength, supporting neural and cognitive processes, immune function, skin and more (Collins & Reid, 2016).
Food for Microbes: Human beings cannot digest most complex carbohydrates and plant polysaccharides, but microbes do – they metabolize the polysaccharides into short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including butyrate (Holscher, 2017). Delcour et al. (2016) examine the metabolites (or supernatant) formed by digesting the fiber and concluded that prebiotic increases production of SCFAs is a viable link between prebiotic, probiotics and health benefit. SCFAs are shown in research to regulate glucose metabolism and control body weight (Canfora et al., 2015), produce anti-inflammatory properties to calm inflammatory bowel disease (Tedelind et al., 2007; Vinolo et al., 2011).
Studies show that when we combine prebiotics with probiotics, many other health benefits follow, such as, prevention of insulin resistance, prevention of obesity, and reduction of FPG (fasting plasma glucose) and plasma insulin (Beserra et al., 2015; Cerdó et al., 2019; Razmpoosh et al, 2019, respectively), all markers for cardiovascular, diabetes, and weight management and control.
Other substances that regulate gastrointestinal health are the oligosaccharides in human milk, important in the development of the newborn intestinal microbiota, metabolic, and immunological systems, all important for health later in life. Similar to the oligosaccharides in human milk, short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides have been found to effect early microbiota and increase Bifidobacterium growth, and reduces inflammation in the bowel and skin of babies and the young (Oozeer et al., 2013; Wopereis et al., 2018), reduce weight and inflammatory markers in both young and older individuals (Sahlitin et al., 2019; Fernandes et al., 2017, respectively), and generally contribute to healthy ageing (Tihonen, 2010; Buford, 2017).
Not all dietary fibers are characterized as prebiotics, however, they do contribute positive health effects. For example, microbes are unable to ferment cellulose well, but cellulose increases gut transit time. Psyllium is non-fermentable, yet it is shown to improve glycemic control and reduce cholesterol. Fibers, whether prebiotic or not, are healthy for human health.
SUPERNATANT— The supernatant is designed to address hospital generated infections.*
Hospital generated infections: Take 2-4 during a hospital stay, or if infected with organisms such as C. difficile (causing diarrhea). It is used to address salmonella, food poisoning, yeast overgrowth, etc. It is also supportive with colitis, diverticulitis, and Crohn’s disease.*
Colds and flu: Take 1-2 capsules a day. Add 1 teaspoon of Lact ORNs and dissolve in mouth. Add 1-2 capsules of Garlic.*
ASD (autistic spectrum disorder): many health care providers find the Supernatant is well tolerated by children with ASD. If 1 capsule is too much, open up the capsule and mix half the amount of the powder with water.*
An everyday probiotic: Due to its strong protection and ability colonize and compete against pathogens, the Supernatant is an excellent choice for everyday probiotic. Take 1-2 daily as maintenance.*
Our Favorite: The Supernatant is such an advanced probiotic product. Our CEO, Seann Bardell, considers it his most favorite product, alongside the Garlic, Phyto Power,and Fructo Borate.
As a probiotic mix it helps even the most sensitive people!*
BioImmersion Probiotic Master Blend – Probiotics- Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus; Prebiotic- Inulin from chicory Root; Supernatant- probiotic metabolites, and ORNs. 15 billion CFU.
Capsule- Cellulose & Water
Below are clinical study & supporting research source citations:
Aguilar, C., Mano, M., & Eulalio, A. (2018). MicroRNAs at the Host–Bacteria Interface: Host Defense or Bacterial Offense. Trends in microbiology. Abstract
Aguilar-Toalá, J. E., Garcia-Varela, R., Garcia, H. S., Mata-Haro, V., González-Córdova, A. F., Vallejo-Cordoba, B., & Hernández-Mendoza, A. (2018). Postbiotics: An evolving term within the functional foods field. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 75, 105-114. Abstract
Albarracin, L., Kobayashi, H., Iida, H., Sato, N., Nochi, T., Aso, H., … & Villena, J. (2017). Transcriptomic analysis of the innate antiviral immune response in porcine intestinal epithelial cells: influence of immunobiotic lactobacilli. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 57. Article
Amalaradjou, M.A., & Bhunia, A.K. (2012). Modern approaches in probiotics research to control foodborne pathogens. Adv. Food Nutr. Res, 67, 185–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394598-3.00005-8
Anzaku, A. A., & Pedro, A. (2017). Antimicrobial Effect of Probiotic Lactobacilli on Candida Spp. Isolated from Oral Thrush of AIDS Defining Ill Patients. J Prob Health, 5(171), 2. Article
Arena, M. P., Capozzi, V., Russo, P., Drider, D., Spano, G., & Fiocco, D. (2018). Immunobiosis and probiosis: antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria with a focus on their antiviral and antifungal properties. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 102(23), 9949-9958. Abstract
Beserra, B. T., Fernandes, R., do Rosario, V. A., Mocellin, M. C., Kuntz, M. G., & Trindade, E. B. (2015). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prebiotics and synbiotics effects on glycaemia, insulin concentrations and lipid parameters in adult patients with overweight or obesity. Clinical nutrition, 34(5), 845-858. Abstract
Bhat, M. I., & Kapila, R. (2017). Dietary metabolites derived from gut microbiota: critical modulators of epigenetic changes in mammals. Nutrition reviews, 75(5), 374-389. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux001
Bron, P. A., Kleerebezem, M., Brummer, R. J., Cani, P. D., Mercenier, A., MacDonald, T. T., … & Wells, J. M. (2017). Can probiotics modulate human disease by impacting intestinal barrier function?. British Journal of Nutrition, 117(1), 93-107. Abstract
Buford, T. W. (2017). (Dis) Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease. Microbiome, 5(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0296-0
Canfora, E. E., Jocken, J. W., & Blaak, E. E. (2015). Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 11(10), 577. Abstract
Cani PD, Delzenne NM. (2011).The gut microbiome as therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther, 130(2), 202-12.DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.012
Cani, P.D., Pssemiers, S., Van de Wiele, T., Guiot, Y., Everad, A., Rottier, O…. Delzenne, N.M. (2009). Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2 driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut, 58(8), 1091-1103. DOI:10.1136/gut.2008.165886
Caprara, G. (2018). Diet and longevity: The effects of traditional eating habits on human lifespan extension. Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, (Preprint), 1-34. Abstract
Cardona, F., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Tulipani, S., Tinahones, F. J., & Queipo-Ortuño, M. I. (2013). Benefits of polyphenols on gut microbiota and implications in human health. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 24(8), 1415-1422. Article
Carvalho, R. D., do Carmo, F. L., de Oliveira Junior, A., Langella, P., Chatel, J. M., Bermúdez-Humarán, L. G., … & de Azevedo, M. S. (2017). Use of wild type or recombinant lactic acid bacteria as an alternative treatment for gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases: a focus on inflammatory bowel diseases and mucositis. Frontiers in microbiology, 8, 800. Article
Cerdó, T., García-Santos, J. A., G Bermúdez, M., & Campoy, C. (2019). The Role of Probiotics and Prebiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity. Nutrients, 11(3), 635. Abstract
Chenoll, E., Casinos, B., Bataller, E., Astals, P., Echevarría, J., Iglesias, J. R., … & Genovés, S. (2011). Novel probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum CECT 7366 strain active against the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Applied and environmental microbiology, 77(4), 1335-1343. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.0182-10
Choudhury, T. G., & Kamilya, D. (2018). Paraprobiotics: an aquaculture perspective. Reviews in Aquaculture. Abstract
Cianci, R., Franza, L., Schinzari, G., Rossi, E., Ianiro, G., Tortora, G., … & Cammarota, G. (2019). The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(3), 501. Abstract
Collins, S., & Reid, G. (2016). Distant site effects of ingested prebiotics. Nutrients, 8(9), 523. Article
Costello, E. K., Stagaman, K., Dethlefsen, L., Bohannan, B. J., & Relman, D. A. (2012). The application of ecological theory toward an understanding of the human microbiome. Science, 336(6086), 1255-1262. Abstract
Cotter, P. D., Ross, R. P., & Hill, C. (2013). Bacteriocins—a viable alternative to antibiotics? Nature Reviews Microbiology, 11(2), 95. Abstract
Cotter, P. D., Hill, C., & Ross, R. P. (2005). Food microbiology: bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 3(10), 777. Abstract
Dahiya, D. K., Puniya, M., Shandilya, U. K., Dhewa, T., Kumar, N., Kumar, S., … & Shukla, P. (2017). Gut microbiota modulation and its relationship with obesity using prebiotic fibers and probiotics: a review. Frontiers in microbiology, 8, 563. Article
David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., … & Biddinger, S. B. (2014). Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature, 505(7484), 559. Abstract
Desmond, M. A., Sobiecki, J., Fewtrell, M., & Wells, J. C. (2018). Plant-based diets for children as a means of improving adult cardiometabolic health. Nutrition reviews, 76(4), 260-273. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux079
Dimidi, E., Christodoulides, S., Fragkos, K. C., Scott, S. M., & Whelan, K. (2014). The effect of probiotics on functional constipation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials–. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 100(4), 1075-1084. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.089151
Ditu, L.M., Chifiriuc, M.C., Bezirtzoglou, E., Marutescu, L., Bleotu, C., Pelinescu, D., Mihaescu, G., Lazar, V. (2014). Immunomodulatory effect of non-viable components of probiotic culture stimulated with heat-inactivated Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus on holoxenic mice. Microb Ecol Health Dis, 25. Abstract
Erridge, C., Attina, T., Spickett, C. M., & Webb, D. J. (2007). A high-fat meal induces low-grade endotoxemia: evidence of a novel mechanism of postprandial inflammation. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 86(5), 1286-1292. Article
Eskesen, D., Jespersen, L., Michelsen, B., Whorwell, P. J., Müller-Lissner, S., & Morberg, C. M. (2015). Effect of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BB-12®, on defecation frequency in healthy subjects with low defecation frequency and abdominal discomfort: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(10), 1638-1646.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114515003347
Etxeberria, U., Fernández-Quintela, A., Milagro, F. I., Aguirre, L., Martínez, J. A., & Portillo, M. P. (2013). Impact of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich dietary sources on gut microbiota composition. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 61(40), 9517-9533. Article
Everard, A., & Cani, P. (2013). Diabetes, obesity and gut microbiota. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol, 27, 73–83. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.03.007.
Francavilla, R., De Angelis, M., Rizzello, C. G., Cavallo, N., Dal Bello, F., & Gobbetti, M. (2017). Selected Probiotic Lactobacilli Have the Capacity to Hydrolyze Gluten Peptides During Simulated Gastro-Intestinal Digestion. Applied and environmental microbiology, AEM-00376. Abstract
Fuller, R. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of applied bacteriology, 66(5), 365-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.x
Fuller, R. (1992). The effect of probiotics on the gut micro-ecology of farm animals. The lactic acid bacteria in health and disease, Volume 1, pp. 171-192. Springer Book: Boston, MA.
Gibson, G. R., Scott, K. P., Rastall, R. A., Tuohy, K. M., Hotchkiss, A., Dubert-Ferrandon, A., … & Macfarlane, S. (2010). Dietary prebiotics: current status and new definition. Food Sci Technol Bull Funct Foods, 7(1), 1-19. Article
Gibson, G. R., Probert, H. M., Van Loo, J., Rastall, R. A., & Roberfroid, M. B. (2004). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutrition research reviews, 17(2), 259-275. https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR200479
Gibson, G. R., & Roberfroid, M. B. (1995). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics. The Journal of nutrition, 125(6), 1401-1412. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.6.1401
Gibson, G., Willis, C. L., & Van Loo, J. (1994). Non digestible oligosaccharides and bifidobacteria: Implications for health. International Sugar Journal, (96), 381-387.
Gibson, G. R., Hutkins, R., Sanders, M. E., Prescott, S. L., Reimer, R. A., Salminen, S. J., … & Verbeke, K. (2017). The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14(8), 491-502. Article
Gilbert, J. A., Blaser, M. J., Caporaso, J. G., Jansson, J. K., Lynch, S. V., & Knight, R. (2018). Current understanding of the human microbiome. Nature medicine, 24(4), 392. Article
Goldenberg, J. Z., Ma, S. S., Saxton, J. D., Martzen, M. R., Vandvik, P. O., Thorlund, K., … & Johnston, B. C. (2013). Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5). Abstract
Gomez, A., Petrzelkova, K. J., Burns, M. B., Yeoman, C. J., Amato, K. R., Vlckova, K., … & Torralba, M. G. (2016). Gut microbiome of coexisting BaAka Pygmies and Bantu reflects gradients of traditional subsistence patterns. Cell reports, 14(9), 2142-2153. Article
Górska, S., Dylus, E., Rudawska, A., Brzozowska, E., Srutkova, D., Schwarzer, M., … & Gamian, A. (2016). Immunoreactive proteins of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCM 7952 and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum CCDM 372 Identified by gnotobiotic mono-colonized mice sera, immune rabbit sera and non-immune human sera. Frontiers in microbiology, 7, 1537. Article
He, X., Zeng, Q., Puthiyakunnon, S., Zeng, Z., Yang, W., Qiu, J… Cao H…(2017). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG [ATCC 53103] supernatant enhance neonatal resistance to systemic Escherichia coli K1 infection by accelerating development of intestinal defense. Sci Rep, 7, 43305. Article
Heydari, Z., Rahaie, M., Alizadeh, A. M., Agah, S., Khalighfard, S., & Bahmani, S. (2018). Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum Probiotics on the Expression of MicroRNAs 135b, 26b, 18a and 155, and Their Involving Genes in Mice Colon Cancer. Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins, 1-8. Abstract
Hill, C., Guarner, F., Reid, G., Gibson, G. R., Merenstein, D. J., Pot, B., … & Calder, P. C. (2014). The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 11(8), 506-514. Article
Holscher, H. D. (2017). Dietary fiber and prebiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes, 8(2), 172-184. Abstract
Holscher, H. D., Caporaso, J. G., Hooda, S., Brulc, J. M., Fahey Jr, G. C., & Swanson, K. S. (2014). Fiber supplementation influences phylogenetic structure and functional capacity of the human intestinal microbiome: follow-up of a randomized controlled trial–. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 101(1), 55-64. Article
Howarth, G., & Wang, H. (2013). Role of endogenous microbiota, probiotics and their biological products in human health. Nutrients, 5(1), 58-81. DOI:10.3390/nu5010058
Johnston, B. C., Ma, S. S., Goldenberg, J. Z., Thorlund, K., Vandvik, P. O., Loeb, M., & Guyatt, G. H. (2012). Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine, 157(12), 878-888. Article
Kawahara, T., Takahashi, T., Oishi, K., Tanaka, H., Masuda, M., Takahashi, S., … & Suzuki, T. (2015). Consecutive oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum MM‐2 improves the defense system against influenza virus infection by enhancing natural killer cell activity in a murine model. Microbiology and immunology, 59(1), 1-12. Article
Kechagia, M., Basoulis, D., Konstantopoulou, S., Dimitriadi, D., Gyftopoulou, K., Skarmoutsou, N., & Fakiri, E. M. (2013). Health benefits of probiotics: a review. ISRN nutrition, 2013. Articl
Kikuchi, Y., Kunitoh-Asari, A., Hayakawa, K., Imai, S., Kasuya, K., Abe, K., … & Hachimura, S. (2014). Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strain AYA enhances IgA secretion and provides survival protection against influenza virus infection in mice. PloS one, 9(1), e86416. Article
Kristensen, N. B., Syrup, T., Allin, K. H., Nielsen, T., Hansen, T. H., & Pedersen, O. (2016). Alterations in fecal microbiota composition by probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Genome medicine, 8(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-016-0300-5
Kobyliak, N., Conte, C., Cammarota, G., Haley, A. P., Styriak, I., Gaspar, L., … & Kruzliak, P. (2016). Probiotics in prevention and treatment of obesity: a critical view. Nutrition & metabolism, 13(1), 14. Article
Langdon, A., Crook, N., & Dantas, G. (2016). The effects of antibiotics on the microbiome throughout development and alternative approaches for therapeutic modulation. Genome medicine, 8(1), 39. Article
Lazar, V., Miyazaki, Y., Hanawa, T., Chifiriuc, M. C., Ditu, L. M., Marutescu, L., … & Kamiya, S. (2009). The influence of some probiotic supernatants on the growth and virulence features expression of several selected enteroaggregative E. coli clinical strains. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol, 68(4), 207-214. Article
Lederberg, J., & McCray, A. T. (2001). Ome SweetOmics–A Genealogical Treasury of Words. The Scientist, 15(7), 8-8. Article
Leite, A. Z., Rodrigues, N. D. C., Gonzaga, M. I., Paiolo, J. C. C., de Souza, C. A., Stefanutto, N. A. V., … & Mariano, V. S. (2017). Detection of increased plasma interleukin-6 levels and prevalence of Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus in the feces of type 2 diabetes patients. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 1107. Article
Lecellier, C. H., Dunoyer, P., Arar, K., Lehmann-Che, J., Eyquem, S., Himber, C., … & Voinnet, O. (2005). A cellular microRNA mediates antiviral defense in human cells. Science, 308(5721), 557-560. Abstract
Ley, R. E., Turnbaugh, P. J., Klein, S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006). Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity. nature, 444(7122), 1022. Article
Lilly, D. M., & Stillwell, R. H. (1965). Probiotics: growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science, 147(3659), 747-748. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3659.747
Macfarlane, S. M. G. T., Macfarlane, G. T., & Cummings, J. T. (2006). Prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 24(5), 701-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03042.x
Manichanh, C., Borruel, N., Casellas, F., & Guarner, F. (2012). The gut microbiota in IBD. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology, 9(10), 599. Abstract
Markowiak, P., & Śliżewska, K. (2017). Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on human health. Nutrients, 9(9), 1021. Article
Marshall, W. E. (2010). Oligoribonucleotides alert the immune system of animals to the imminence of microbial infection. U.S. Patent No. 7,678,557. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Article
Matthews, C., Crispie, F., Lewis, E., Reid, M., O’Toole, P. W., & Cotter, P. D. (2018). The rumen microbiome: a crucial consideration when optimising milk and meat production and nitrogen utilisation efficiency. Gut microbes, 1-18. Abstract
Nagpal, R., Mainali, R., Ahmadi, S., Wang, S., Singh, R., Kavanagh, K., … & Yadav, H. (2018). Gut microbiome and aging: Physiological and mechanistic insights. Nutrition and healthy aging, 4(4), 267-285. Article
Nishiyama, K., Sugiyama, M., & Mukai, T. (2016). Adhesion properties of lactic acid bacteria on intestinal mucin. Microorganisms, 4(3), 34. Abstract
O’Connor, P. M., O’Shea, E. F., Cotter, P. D., Hill, C., & Ross, R. P. (2018). The potency of the broad spectrum bacteriocin, bactofencin A, against staphylococci is highly dependent on primary structure, N-terminal charge and disulphide formation. Scientific reports, 8(1), 11833. Article
Obregon-Tito, A. J., Tito, R. Y., Metcalf, J., Sankaranarayanan, K., Clemente, J. C., Ursell, L. K., … & Spicer, P. (2015). Subsistence strategies in traditional societies distinguish gut microbiomes. Nature communications, 6, 6505. Article
Parker, R. B. (1974). Probiotics, the other half of the antibiotic story. Anim Nutr Health, 29, 4-8.
Oozeer, R., van Limpt, K., Ludwig, T., Ben Amor, K., Martin, R., Wind, R. D., … & Knol, J. (2013). Intestinal microbiology in early life: specific prebiotics can have similar functionalities as human-milk oligosaccharides. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 98(2), 561S-571S. Article
Pathak, S., Kesavan, P., Banerjee, A., Banerjee, A., Celep, G. S., Bissi, L., & Marotta, F. (2018). Metabolism of Dietary Polyphenols by Human Gut Microbiota and Their Health Benefits. In Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action in Human Health and Disease (pp. 347-359). Academic Press. Abstract
Parker, R. B. (1974). Probiotics, the other half of the antibiotic story. Anim Nutr Health, 29, 4-8.
Pärtty, A., Kalliomäki, M., Endo, A., Salminen, S., & Isolauri, E. (2012). Compositional development of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus microbiota is linked with crying and fussing in early infancy. PloS one, 7(3), e32495. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032495
Patil, D. P., Dhotre, D. P., Chavan, S. G., Sultan, A., Jain, D. S., Lanjekar, V. B., … & RanadeD. R. (2012). Molecular analysis of gut microbiota in obesity among Indian individuals. Journal of biosciences, 37(4), 647-657. Abstrac
Pérez-Jaramillo, J. E., Mendes, R., & Raaijmakers, J. M. (2016). Impact of plant domestication on rhizosphere microbiome assembly and functions. Plant molecular biology, 90(6), 635-644. Article
Reid, G., & Burton, J. (2002). Use of Lactobacillus to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. Microbes and infection, 4(3), 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01544-7
Rhoads, J. M., Collins, J., Fatheree, N. Y., Hashmi, S. S., Taylor, C. M., Luo, M., … & Liu, Y. (2018). Infant Colic Represents Gut Inflammation and Dysbiosis. The Journal of pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.042
Roberfroid, M. B. (2002). Functional foods: concepts and application to inulin and oligofructose. British Journal of Nutrition, 87(S2), S139-S143. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN/2002529
Rosenfeld, Y., & Shai, Y. (2006). Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin)-host defense antibacterial peptides interactions: role in bacterial resistance and prevention of sepsis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Biomembranes, 1758(9), 1513-1522. Article
Salas-Jara, M. J., Ilabaca, A., Vega, M., & García, A. (2016). Biofilm forming Lactobacillus: new challenges for the development of probiotics. Microorganisms, 4(3), 35. doi:10.3390/microorganisms4030035
Sanders, M. E., Merenstein, D., Merrifield, C. A., & Hutkins, R. (2018). Probiotics for human use. Nutrition Bulletin, 43(3), 212-225. https://doi.org/10.1111/nbu.12334
Sanders, M. E. (2016). Probiotics and microbiota composition. BMC medicine, 14(1), 82. Article
Sanders, M. E. (2011). Impact of probiotics on colonizing microbiota of the gut. Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 45, S115-S119. Abstract
Sanders, M. E., Heimbach, J. T., Pot, B., Tancredi, D. J., Lenoir-Wijnkoop, I., Lähteenmäki-Uutela, A., … & Bañares, S. (2011). Health claims substantiation for probiotic and prebiotic products. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.2.3.16174
Sanz, Y., Nadal, I., & Sánchez, E. (2007). Probiotics as drugs against human gastrointestinal infections. Recent patents on anti-infective drug discovery, 2(2), 148-156.
Sanzik, Y., Nadal, I., & Sanchez, E. (2011). Probiotics as drugs against human gastrointestinal Pathogens. Frontiers in Anti-Infective Drug Discovery, 1, 107.
Savage, D. C. (1977). Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annual Reviews in Microbiology, 31(1), 107-133. Introduction
Savilahti, E. (2011). Probiotics in the treatment and prevention of allergies in children. Bioscience and microflora, 30(4), 119-128.
Schnorr, S. L., Sankaranarayanan, K., Lewis Jr, C. M., & Warinner, C. (2016). Insights into human evolution from ancient and contemporary microbiome studies. Current opinion in genetics & development, 41, 14-26. Article
Schnorr, S. L., Candela, M., Rampelli, S., Centanni, M., Consolandi, C., Basaglia, G., … & Fiori, J. (2014). Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers. Nature communications, 5, 3654. Article
Singh, R. K., Chang, H. W., Yan, D., Lee, K. M., Ucmak, D., Wong, K., … & Bhutani, T. (2017). Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health. Journal of translational medicine, 15(1), 73. Abstract
Stanaway, I. B., Wallace, J. C.,hojaie, A., Griffith, W. C., Hong, S., Wilder, C. S., … & Vigoren, E. M. (2017). Human oral buccal microbiomes are associated with farmworker status and azinphos-methyl agricultural pesticide exposure. Applied and environmental microbiology, 83(2), e02149-16. Abstract
Sunkavalli, U., Aguilar, C., Silva, R. J., Sharan, M., Cruz, A. R., Tawk, C., … & Eulalio, A. (2017). Analysis of host microRNA function uncovers a role for miR-29b-2-5p in Shigella capture by filopodia. PLoS pathogens, 13(4), e1006327. Abstract
Raetz, C. R., & Whitfield, C. (2002). Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Annual review of biochemistry, 71(1), 635-700. Article
Rajashekharan, S., Krishnaswamy, B., & Kammara, R. (2017). Bifid shape is intrinsic to Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Frontiers in microbiology, 8, 478. Article
Razmpoosh, E., Javadi, A., Ejtahed, H. S., Mirmiran, P., Javadi, M., & Yousefinejad, A. (2019). The effect of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized placebo controlled trial. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(1), 175-182. Article
Roca-Saavedra, P., Mendez-Vilabrille, V., Miranda, J. M., Nebot, C., Cardelle-Cobas, A., Franco, C. M., & Cepeda, A. (2017). Food additives, contaminants and other minor components: effects on human gut microbiota—a review. Journal of physiology and biochemistry, 1-15. Abstract
Tedelind, S., Westberg, F., Kjerrulf, M., & Vidal, A. (2007). Anti-inflammatory properties of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate: a study with relevance to inflammatory bowel disease. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 13(20), 2826. Article
Tufarelli, V., & Laudadio, V. (2016).
Product Brochure:
Research:
Antimicrobial Properties
Albarracin, L., Kobayashi, H., Iida, H., Sato, N., Nochi, T., Aso, H., … & Villena, J. (2017). Transcriptomic analysis of the innate antiviral immune response in porcine intestinal epithelial cells: influence of immunobiotic lactobacilli. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 57. Article
Amalaradjou, M. A. R., & Bhunia, A. K. (2012). Modern approaches in probiotics research to control foodborne pathogens. In Advances in food and nutrition research (Vol. 67, pp. 185-239). Academic Press. Abstract
Arena, M. P., Capozzi, V., Russo, P., Drider, D., Spano, G., & Fiocco, D. (2018). Immunobiosis and probiosis: antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria with a focus on their antiviral and antifungal properties. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 102(23), 9949-9958. Abstract
Bailey, J. R., Vince, V., Williams, N. A., & Cogan, T. A. (2017). Streptococcus thermophilus NCIMB 41856 ameliorates signs of colitis in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease. Beneficial microbes, 8(4), 605-614.https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2016.0110
Bhat, M. I., Kumari, A., Kapila, S., & Kapila, R. (2019). Probiotic lactobacilli mediated changes in global epigenetic signatures of human intestinal epithelial cells during Escherichia coli challenge. Annals of Microbiology, 1-10. Abstract
Bhat, M. I., & Kapila, R. (2017). Dietary metabolites derived from gut microbiota: critical modulators of epigenetic changes in mammals. Nutrition reviews, 75(5), 374-389. https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nux001
Burton, J. P., Chanyi, R. M., & Schultz, M. (2017). Common Organisms and Probiotics: Streptococcus thermophilus (Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus). In The Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology (pp. 165-169). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804024-9.00019-7
Cotter, P. D., Ross, R. P., & Hill, C. (2013). Bacteriocins—a viable alternative to antibiotics?. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 11(2), 95. Abstract
Cotter, P. D., Hill, C., & Ross, R. P. (2005). Food microbiology: bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 3(10), 777. Abstract
Ditu, L.M., Chifiriuc, M.C., Bezirtzoglou, E., Marutescu, L., Bleotu, C., Pelinescu, D., Mihaescu, G., Lazar, V. (2014). Immunomodulatory effect of non-viable components of probiotic culture stimulated with heat-inactivated Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus on holoxenic mice. Microb Ecol Health Dis, 25. Abstract
Gong, J., Bai, T., Zhang, L., Qian, W., Song, J., & Hou, X. (2017). Inhibition effect of Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Enterococcus faecalis and their related products on human colonic smooth muscle in vitro. PloS one, 12(12), e0189257. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189257
He, X., Zeng, Q., Puthiyakunnon, S., Zeng, Z., Yang, W., Qiu, J… Cao H…(2017). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG [ATCC 53103] supernatant enhance neonatal resistance to systemic Escherichia coli K1 infection by accelerating development of intestinal defense. Sci Rep, 7, 43305. Article
Howarth, G., & Wang, H. (2013). Role of endogenous microbiota, probiotics and their biological products in human health. Nutrients, 5(1), 58-81. Article
Johnston, B. C., Ma, S. S., Goldenberg, J. Z., Thorlund, K., Vandvik, P. O., Loeb, M., & Guyatt, G. H. (2012). Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile–associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine, 157(12), 878-888. Article
Kasubuchi, M., Hasegawa, S., Hiramatsu, T., Ichimura, A., & Kimura, I. (2015). Dietary gut microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, and host metabolic regulation. Nutrients, 7(4), 2839-2849. Article
Kikuchi, Y., Kunitoh-Asari, A., Hayakawa, K., Imai, S., Kasuya, K., Abe, K., … & Hachimura, S. (2014). Oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum strain AYA enhances IgA secretion and provides survival protection against influenza virus infection in mice. PloS one, 9(1), e86416. Article
Koh, A., De Vadder, F., Kovatcheva-Datchary, P., & Bäckhed, F. (2016). From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. Cell, 165(6), 1332-1345. Article
Kolling, G. L., Wu, M., Warren, C. A., Durmaz, E., Klaenhammer, T. R., & Guerrant, R. L. (2012). Lactic acid production by Streptococcus thermophilus alters Clostridium difficile infection and in vitro Toxin A production. Gut Microbes, 3(6), 523-529. https://doi.org/10.4161/gmic.21757
Krautkramer KA, Rey FE, Denu JM. (2017). Chemical signaling between gut microbiota and host chromatin: What is your gut really saying? J Biol Chem, 292(21):8582-8593. DOI:10.1074/jbc.R116.761577
Krautkramer, K. A., Kreznar, J. H., Romano, K. A., Vivas, E. I., Barrett-Wilt, G. A., Rabaglia, M. E., … & Denu, J. M. (2016). Diet-microbiota interactions mediate global epigenetic programming in multiple host tissues. Molecular cell, 64(5), 982-992. Article
Lazar, V., Miyazaki, Y., Hanawa, T., Chifiriuc, M. C., Ditu, L. M., Marutescu, L., … & Kamiya, S. (2009). The influence of some probiotic supernatants on the growth and virulence features expression of several selected enteroaggregative E. coli clinical strains. Roum Arch Microbiol Immunol, 68(4), 207-214. Article
Leite, A. Z., Rodrigues, N. D. C., Gonzaga, M. I., Paiolo, J. C. C., de Souza, C. A., Stefanutto, N. A. V., … & Mariano, V. S. (2017). Detection of increased plasma interleukin-6 levels and prevalence of Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus in the feces of type 2 diabetes patients. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 1107. Article
Louis, P., Hold, G. L., & Flint, H. J. (2014). The gut microbiota, bacterial metabolites and colorectal cancer. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 12(10), 661. Abstract
Mischke, M., & Plösch, T. (2016). The gut microbiota and their metabolites: potential implications for the host epigenome. In Microbiota of the Human Body (pp. 33-44). Springer, Cham. Abstract
Nicholson, J. K., Holmes, E., Kinross, J., Burcelin, R., Gibson, G., Jia, W., & Pettersson, S. (2012). Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science, 1223813. Abstract
O’Connor, P. M., O’Shea, E. F., Cotter, P. D., Hill, C., & Ross, R. P. (2018). The potency of the broad spectrum bacteriocin, bactofencin A, against staphylococci is highly dependent on primary structure, N-terminal charge and disulphide formation. Scientific reports, 8(1), 11833. Article
Sánchez, B., Delgado, S., Blanco‐Míguez, A., Lourenço, A., Gueimonde, M., & Margolles, A. (2017). Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease. Molecular nutrition & food research, 61(1), 1600240. Article
Stecher, B. (2015). The roles of inflammation, nutrient availability and the commensal microbiota in enteric pathogen infection. In Metabolism and Bacterial Pathogenesis (pp. 297-320). American Society of Microbiology. Chapter14
Sun, L., Ma, L., Ma, Y., Zhang, F., Zhao, C., & Nie, Y. (2018). Insights into the role of gut microbiota in obesity: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives. Protein & cell, 9(5), 397-403. Article
Villena, J., & Kitazawa, H. (2017). immunobiotics—interactions of Beneficial Microbes with the immune System. Frontiers in immunology, 8, 1580. Article
Villena, J., Vizoso-Pinto, M. G., & Kitazawa, H. (2016). Intestinal innate antiviral immunity and immunobiotics: beneficial effects against rotavirus infection. Frontiers in immunology, 7, 563. Article
Woo, V., & Alenghat, T. (2017). Host–microbiota interactions: epigenomic regulation. Current opinion in immunology, 44, 52-60. Abstract
Yang, C. M., Cao, G. T., Ferket, P. R., Liu, T. T., Zhou, L., Zhang, L., … & Chen, A. G. (2012). Effects of probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 91(9), 2121-2129. Article
Yang, S. C., Lin, C. H., Sung, C. T., & Fang, J. Y. (2014). Antibacterial activities of bacteriocins: application in foods and pharmaceuticals. Frontiers in microbiology, 5, 241. Article
Post Antibiotic Care: Antimicrobial & Calming Properties
Alvarez-Sieiro, P., Montalbán-López, M., Mu, D., & Kuipers, O. P. (2016). Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria: extending the family. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 100(7), 2939-2951. Abstract
Amalaradjou, M.A., & Bhunia, A.K. (2012). Modern approaches in probiotics research to control foodborne pathogens. Adv. Food Nutr. Res, 67, 185–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394598-3.00005-8
Anzaku, A. A., & Pedro, A. (2017). Antimicrobial Effect of Probiotic Lactobacilli on Candida Spp. Isolated from Oral Thrush of AIDS Defining Ill Patients. J Prob Health, 5(171), 2. Article
Arena, M. P., Capozzi, V., Russo, P., Drider, D., Spano, G., & Fiocco, D. (2018). Immunobiosis and probiosis: antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria with a focus on their antiviral and antifungal properties. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 102(23), 9949-9958. Abstract
Ayala, G., Escobedo-Hinojosa, W. I., de la Cruz-Herrera, C. F., & Romero, I. (2014). Exploring alternative treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 20(6), 1450. Article
Bermudez-Brito, M., Plaza-Díaz, J., Muñoz-Quezada, S., Gómez-Llorente, C., & Gil, A. (2012). Probiotic mechanisms of action. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 61(2), 160-174. Article
Blaabjerg, S., Artzi, D. M., & Aabenhus, R. (2017). Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Outpatients—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antibiotics, 6(4), 21. Article
Buford, T. W. (2017). (Dis) Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease. Microbiome, 5(1), 80. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-017-0296-0
Chenoll, E., Casinos, B., Bataller, E., Astals, P., Echevarría, J., Iglesias, J. R., … & Genovés, S. (2011). Novel probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum CECT 7366 strain active against the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Applied and environmental microbiology, 77(4), 1335-1343. Abstract
Cotter, P. D., Ross, R. P., & Hill, C. (2013). Bacteriocins—a viable alternative to antibiotics?. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 11(2), 95. Abstract
Cotter, P. D., Hill, C., & Ross, R. P. (2005). Food microbiology: bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 3(10), 777. Abstract
Goldenberg, J. Z., Ma, S. S., Saxton, J. D., Martzen, M. R., Vandvik, P. O., Thorlund, K., … & Johnston, B. C. (2013). Probiotics for the prevention of Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhea in adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (5). Abstract
Johnston, B. C., Goldenberg, J. Z., Vandvik, P. O., Sun, X., & Guyatt, G. H. (2011). Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11). Abstract
Junjua, M., Kechaou, N., Chain, F., Awussi, A. A., Roussel, Y., Perrin, C., … & Chatel, J. M. (2016). A large scale in vitro screening of Streptococcus thermophilus strains revealed strains with a high anti-inflammatory potential. LWT-Food Science and Technology, 70, 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.02.006
Manzoni, P., Mostert, M., Leonessa, M. L., Priolo, C., Farina, D., Monetti, C., … & Gomirato, G. (2006). Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric colonization by Candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study. Clinical infectious diseases, 42(12), 1735-1742. Article
O’Connor, P. M., O’Shea, E. F., Cotter, P. D., Hill, C., & Ross, R. P. (2018). The potency of the broad spectrum bacteriocin, bactofencin A, against staphylococci is highly dependent on primary structure, N-terminal charge and disulphide formation. Scientific reports, 8(1), 11833. Article
Patel, A., Shah, N., & Prajapati, J. B. (2014). Clinical application of probiotics in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection—a brief review. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 47(5), 429-437. Article
Parker, R. B. (1974). Probiotics, the other half of the antibiotic story. Anim Nutr Health, 29, 4-8.
Plaza-Diaz, J., Ruiz-Ojeda, F. J., Gil-Campos, M., & Gil, A. (2019). Mechanisms of action of probiotics. Advances in Nutrition, 10(suppl_1), S49-S66. Abstract
Reid, G., & Burton, J. (2002). Use of Lactobacillus to prevent infection by pathogenic bacteria. Microbes and infection, 4(3), 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(02)01544-7
Rhoads, J. M., Collins, J., Fatheree, N. Y., Hashmi, S. S., Taylor, C. M., Luo, M., … & Liu, Y. (2018). Infant Colic Represents Gut Inflammation and Dysbiosis. The Journal of pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.07.042
Szajewska, H., Konarska, Z., & Kołodziej, M. (2016). Probiotic bacterial and fungal strains: claims with evidence. Digestive Diseases, 34(3), 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443359
Todorov, S. D., de Melo Franco, B. D. G., & Tagg, J. R. (2019). Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria having activity spectra extending beyond closely-related species. Beneficial microbes, 1-14. Abstract
Vanderpool, C., Yan, F., & Polk, B. D. (2008). Mechanisms of probiotic action: implications for therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 14(11), 1585-1596. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20525
Yang, S. C., Lin, C. H., Sung, C. T., & Fang, J. Y. (2014). Antibacterial activities of bacteriocins: application in foods and pharmaceuticals. Frontiers in microbiology, 5, 241. Article
Yang, C. M., Cao, G. T., Ferket, P. R., Liu, T. T., Zhou, L., Zhang, L., … & Chen, A. G. (2012). Effects of probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 91(9), 2121-2129. Article
Yin, X., Lee, B., Zaragoza, J., & Marco, M. L. (2017). Dietary perturbations alter the ecological significance of ingested Lactobacillus plantarum in the digestive tract. Scientific reports, 7(1), 7267. Article
Zelaya, H., Alvarez, S., Kitazawa, H., & Villena, J. (2016). Respiratory antiviral immunity and immunobiotics: beneficial effects on inflammation-coagulation interaction during influenza virus infection. Frontiers in immunology, 7, 633. Article
Immune Support
AFRC, R. F. (1989). Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of applied bacteriology, 66(5), 365-378. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1989.tb05105.x
Aguilar, C., Mano, M., & Eulalio, A. (2018). MicroRNAs at the Host–Bacteria Interface: Host Defense or Bacterial Offense. Trends in microbiology. Abstract
Azcarate-Peril, M.A., Sikes, M., Bruno-Barcena, J.M. (2011). The intestinal microbiota, gastrointestinal environment and colorectal cancer: a putative role for probiotics in prevention of colorectal cancer? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 301, G401-G424. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00110.2011.
Bocci V. (1992). The neglected organ: Bacterial flora has a crucial immunostimulatory role. Perspectives in Biology and Medince, 35(2), 251–260. Abstract
Cianci, R., Franza, L., Schinzari, G., Rossi, E., Ianiro, G., Tortora, G., … & Cammarota, G. (2019). The Interplay between Immunity and Microbiota at Intestinal Immunological Niche: The Case of Cancer. International journal of molecular sciences, 20(3), 501. Abstract
Dargahi, N., Johnson, J., Donkor, O., Vasiljevic, T., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2018). Immunomodulatory effects of Streptococcus thermophilus on U937 monocyte cell cultures. Journal of Functional Foods, 49, 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.038
Galdeano, C. M., Cazorla, S. I., Dumit, J. M. L., Vélez, E., & Perdigón, G. (2019). Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 74(2), 115-124. Abstract
Gern, J.E. (2015). Promising candidates for allergy prevention. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 136 (1), 23–28. Abstract
Harata, G., He, F., Takahashi, K., Hosono, A., Miyazawa, K., Yoda, K., … & Kaminogawa, S. (2016). Human Lactobacillus strains from the intestine can suppress IgE-mediated degranulation of rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL-2H3) cells. Microorganisms, 4(4), 40. doi:10.3390/microorganisms4040040
Lecellier, C. H., Dunoyer, P., Arar, K., Lehmann-Che, J., Eyquem, S., Himber, C., … & Voinnet, O. (2005). A cellular microRNA mediates antiviral defense in human cells. Science, 308(5721), 557-560. Article
Lilly, D. M., & Stillwell, R. H. (1965). Probiotics: growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science, 147(3659), 747-748. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3659.747
Ma, F., Xu, S., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Xu, X., Liu, M., … & Cao, X. (2011). The microRNA miR-29 controls innate and adaptive immune responses to intracellular bacterial infection by targeting interferon-γ. Nature immunology, 12(9), 861. Abstract
Madsen, K. (2006). Probiotics and the immune response. J Clin Gastroenterol, 40, 232–4. Abstract
Marshall, W.E. (2014). Bacterial ORNs, a new paradigm to prevent infection. In Weston A. Price Foundation, online Article.
Marshall, W. E. (2010). Oligoribonucleotides alert the immune system of animals to the imminence of microbial infection. U.S. Patent No. 7,678,557. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Article
Nakata, K., Sugi, Y., Narabayashi, H., Kobayakawa, T., Nakanishi, Y., Tsuda, M., … & Takahashi, K. (2017). Commensal microbiota-induced microRNA modulates intestinal epithelial permeability through the small GTPase ARF4. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 292(37), 15426-15433. Abstract
Nishiyama, K., Sugiyama, M., & Mukai, T. (2016). Adhesion properties of lactic acid bacteria on intestinal mucin. Microorganisms, 4(3), 34. Abstract
Parker, R. B. (1974). Probiotics, the other half of the antibiotic story. Anim Nutr Health, 29, 4-8.
Parvez, S., Malik, K.A., Kang, S., & Kim, H.Y. (2006). Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health. J Appl Microbiol. 100, 1171–85. Article
Roberfroid, M.B. (2000). Prebiotics and probiotics: Are they functional foods? Am J Clin Nutr, 71, 1682S–7S. Article
Saini, R., Saini, S., Sugandha. (2009). Probiotics: The health boosters. J Cutan Aesthet Surg, 2, 112. Letter
Salas-Jara, M. J., Ilabaca, A., Vega, M., & García, A. (2016). Biofilm forming Lactobacillus: new challenges for the development of probiotics. Microorganisms, 4(3), 35. doi:10.3390/microorganisms403003
Shmaryahu, A., Carrasco, M., & Valenzuela, P. D. (2014). Prediction of bacterial microRNAs and possible targets in human cell transcriptome. Journal of Microbiology, 52(6), 482-489. Abstract
Staedel, C., & Darfeuille, F. (2013). Micro RNA s and bacterial infection. Cellular microbiology, 15(9), 1496-1507. Abstract
Sunkavalli, U., Aguilar, C., Silva, R. J., Sharan, M., Cruz, A. R., Tawk, C., … & Eulalio, A. (2017). Analysis of host microRNA function uncovers a role for miR-29b-2-5p in Shigella capture by filopodia. PLoS pathogens, 13(4), e1006327. Abstract
Wahid, F., Shehzad, A., Khan, T., & Kim, Y. Y. (2010). MicroRNAs: synthesis, mechanism, function, and recent clinical trials. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research, 1803(11), 1231-1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.06.01
Zhao, Y., & Lukiw, W. J. (2018). Microbiome-mediated upregulation of microRNA-146a in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in neurology, 9, 145. Article
IBS: Inflammatory Bowel Support
Balakrishnan, M., & Floch, M. H. (2012). Prebiotics, probiotics and digestive health. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 15(6), 580-585. Abstract
Dimidi, E., Christodoulides, S., Scott, S. M., & Whelan, K. (2017). Mechanisms of action of probiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota on gut motility and constipation. Advances in Nutrition, 8(3), 484-494. Article
Distrutti, E., Monaldi, L., Ricci, P., & Fiorucci, S. (2016). Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies. World journal of gastroenterology, 22(7), 2219. Article
Ghouri, Y. A., Richards, D. M., Rahimi, E. F., Krill, J. T., Jelinek, K. A., & DuPont, A. W. (2014). Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical and experimental gastroenterology, 7, 473. Article
Lin, P.W., Myers, L.E., Ray, L., Song, S.C., Nasr, T.R., Berardinelli, A.J., Kundu, K., Murthy, N., Hansen, J.M., & Neish A.S. (2009). Lactobacillus rhamnosus blocks inflammatory signaling in vivo via reactive oxygen species generation. Free Radic. Biol. Med, 47, 1205–1211. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.033.
Martini, E., Krug, S. M., Siegmund, B., Neurath, M. F., & Becker, C. (2017). Mend your fences: the epithelial barrier and its relationship with mucosal immunity in inflammatory bowel disease. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 4(1), 33-46. Article
Patel, R., & DuPont, H. L. (2015). New approaches for bacteriotherapy: prebiotics, new-generation probiotics, and synbiotics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(suppl_2), S108-S121. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/civ177
Pedersen, G. (2000). Development, validation and implementation of an in vitro model for the study of metabolic and im-mune function in normal and inflamed human co-lonic epithelium. Autoimmunity, 32, 255-263. Article
Vanderpool, C., Yan, F., & Polk, B. D. (2008). Mechanisms of probiotic action: implications for therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 14(11), 1585-1596. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.20525
Vitetta, L., Briskey, D., Alford, H., Hall, S., & Coulson S. (2014). Probiotics, prebiotics and the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease. Inflammopharmacology, DOI: 10.1007/s10787-014-0201-4. Article
Wasilewski, A., Zielińska, M., Storr, M., & Fichna, J. (2015). Beneficial effects of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and psychobiotics in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 21(7), 1674-1682. Abstract
Zhang, Y., Li, L., Guo, C., Mu, D., Feng, B., Zuo, X., & Li, Y. (2016). Effects of probiotic type, dose and treatment duration on irritable bowel syndrome diagnosed by Rome III criteria: a meta-analysis. BMC gastroenterology, 16(1), 62. Abstract
Modulating a Healthy Microbiome: Immunity, Intestinal Barrier & Brain
Arora, T., & Bäckhed, F. (2016). The gut microbiota and metabolic disease: current understanding and future perspectives. Journal of internal medicine, 280(4), 339-349. Article
Blackwood, B. P., Yuan, C. Y., Wood, D. R., Nicolas, J. D., Grothaus, J. S., & Hunter, C. J. (2017). Probiotic Lactobacillus species strengthen intestinal barrier function and tight junction integrity in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Journal of probiotics & health, 5(1). Article
Bosscher, D., Breynaert, A., Pieters, L., & Hermans, N. (2009). Food-based strategies to modulate the composition of the microbiota and their associated health effects. Journal of physiology and pharmacology/Polish Physiological Society.-Kraków, 1991, currens, 60(S: 6), 5-11. Article
Bron, P. A., Kleerebezem, M., Brummer, R. J., Cani, P. D., Mercenier, A., MacDonald, T. T., … & Wells, J. M. (2017). Can probiotics modulate human disease by impacting intestinal barrier function?. British Journal of Nutrition, 117(1), 93-107. Abstract
Cani PD, Delzenne NM. (2011).The gut microbiome as therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther, 130(2), 202-12.DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.01.012
Choudhury, T. G., & Kamilya, D. (2018). Paraprobiotics: an aquaculture perspective. Reviews in Aquaculture. Abstract
de Vos, P., Mujagic, Z., de Haan, B. J., Siezen, R. J., Bron, P. A., Meijerink, M., … & Troost, F. J. (2017). Lactobacillus plantarum Strains Can Enhance Human Mucosal and Systemic Immunity and Prevent Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Induced Reduction in T Regulatory Cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 8, 1000. DOI:
De Vrese, M., & Schrezenmeir, J. (2008). Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol, 111, 1–66. Abstract
Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2017). Gut instincts: microbiota as a key regulator of brain development, ageing and neurodegeneration. The Journal of physiology, 595(2), 489-503. Article
Gibson, G.R., Probert, H.M., van Loo, J.A.E., & Roberfroid, M.B. (2004). Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: Updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutr. Res. Rev, 17, 257–259. Abstract
Gibson, G.R., & Roberfroid, M.B. (1995). Dietary modulation of the colonic microbiota: Introducing the concept of prebiotics. J. Nutr, 125, 1401–1412. Abstract
Hu, S., Wang, L., & Jiang, Z. (2017). Dietary Additive Probiotics Modulation of the Intestinal Microbiota. Protein and peptide letters, 24(5), 382-387. DOI:10.2174/0929866524666170223143615
Kechagia, M., Basoulis, D., Konstantopoulou, S., Dimitriadi, D., Gyftopoulou, K., Skarmoutsou, N., & Fakiri, E. M. (2013). Health benefits of probiotics: a review. ISRN nutrition, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/481651
Macfarlane, S. M. G. T., Macfarlane, G. T., & Cummings, J. T. (2006). Prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 24(5), 701-714. Article
Maguire, M., & Maguire, G. (2019). Gut dysbiosis, leaky gut, and intestinal epithelial proliferation in neurological disorders: towards the development of a new therapeutic using amino acids, prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 30(2), 179-201. Article
Manzoni, P., Mostert, M., Leonessa, M. L., Priolo, C., Farina, D., Monetti, C., … & Gomirato, G. (2006). Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric colonization by Candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study. Clinical infectious diseases, 42(12), 1735-1742. Article
Mujagic, Z., De Vos, P., Boekschoten, M. V., Govers, C., Pieters, H. J. H., De Wit, N. J., … & Troost, F. J. (2017). The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum on small intestinal barrier function and mucosal gene transcription; a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. Scientific reports, 7, 40128. DOI:10.1038/srep40128
Nishiyama, K., Sugiyama, M., & Mukai, T. (2016). Adhesion properties of lactic acid bacteria on intestinal mucin. Microorganisms, 4(3), 34. Abstract
Patel, R., & DuPont, H. L. (2015). New approaches for bacteriotherapy: prebiotics, new-generation probiotics, and synbiotics. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 60(suppl_2), S108-S121. Abstract
Roberfroid M. (2007). Prebiotics: The concept revisited. J. Nutr, 137, 830–837. Article
Roberfroid, M. B. (2002). Functional foods: concepts and application to inulin and oligofructose. British Journal of Nutrition, 87(S2), S139-S143. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN/2002529
Sirisinha, S. (2016). The potential impact of gut microbiota on your health: Current status and future challenges. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 34(4), 249-264. Article
Thomas, L. V., Suzuki, K., & Zhao, J. (2015). Probiotics: a proactive approach to health. A symposium report. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(S1), S1-S15. Abstract
Tufarelli, V., & Laudadio, V. (2016). An overview on the functional food concept: prospectives and applied researches in probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. J Exp Bioland Agric Sci, 4(3), 273-8. Article
Tsilingiri, K., & Rescigno, M. (2012). Postbiotics: what else?. Beneficial microbes, 4(1), 101-107. Abstract
Vitetta L., Sali A. (2008). Probiotics, prebiotics and gastrointestinal health. Med. Today, 9, 65–70. Article
Yin, X., Lee, B., Zaragoza, J., & Marco, M. L. (2017). Dietary perturbations alter the ecological significance of ingested Lactobacillus plantarum in the digestive tract. Scientific reports, 7(1), 7267. Abstract
Babies and Young Children’s Microbiome
Amenyogbe, N., Kollmann, T. R., & Ben-Othman, R. (2017). Early-life host–microbiome interphase: the key frontier for immune development. Frontiers in pediatrics, 5, 111. DOI:10.3389/fped.2017.00111
Blanton, L. V., Barratt, M. J., Charbonneau, M. R., Ahmed, T., & Gordon, J. I. (2016). Childhood undernutrition, the gut microbiota, and microbiota-directed therapeutics. Science, 352(6293), 1533-1533. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad9359
Cox, M. J., Huang, Y. J., Fujimura, K. E., Liu, J. T., McKean, M., Boushey, H. A., … & Lynch, S. V. (2010). Lactobacillus casei abundance is associated with profound shifts in the infant gut microbiome. PLoS One, 5(1), e8745. Article
Emami, C. N., Petrosyan, M., Giuliani, S., Williams, M., Hunter, C., Prasadarao, N. V., & Ford, H. R. (2009). Role of the host defense system and intestinal microbial flora in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Surgical infections, 10(5), 407-417. Abstract
Goldenberg, J. Z., Lytvyn, L., Steurich, J., Parkin, P., Mahant, S., & Johnston, B. C. (2015). Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic‐associated diarrhea. The Cochrane Library. Abstract
Hodzic, Z., Bolock, A. M., & Good, M. (2017). The role of mucosal immunity in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Frontiers in pediatrics, 5, 40.Article
Hayes, S. R., & Vargas, A. J. (2016). Probiotics for the Prevention of Pediatric Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 12(6), 463-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2016.08.015
Kang, D. W., Ilhan, Z. E., Isern, N. G., Hoyt, D. W., Howsmon, D. P., Shaffer, M., … & Krajmalnik-Brown, R. (2018). Differences in fecal microbial metabolites and microbiota of children with autism spectrum disorders. Anaerobe, 49, 121-131. Article
Patel, R.M., & Denning, P.W. (2013). Therapeutic use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis: What is the current evidence? Clin Perinatol, 40(1), 11-25. Article
Shankar, V., Gouda, M., Moncivaiz, J., Gordon, A., Reo, N. V., Hussein, L., & Paliy, O. (2017). Differences in gut metabolites and microbial composition and functions between Egyptian and US children are consistent with their diets. Msystems, 2(1), e00169-16. Article
Subramanian, S., Huq, S., Yatsunenko, T., Haque, R., Mahfuz, M., Alam, M. A., … & Barratt, M. J. (2014). Persistent gut microbiota immaturity in malnourished Bangladeshi children. Nature, 510(7505), 417. Abstract
Wegh, C. A., Schoterman, M. H., Vaughan, E. E., Belzer, C., & Benninga, M. A. (2017). The effect of fiber and prebiotics on children’s gastrointestinal disorders and microbiome. Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology, 11(11), 1031-1045. https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2017.1359539
Zhang, M., Ma, W., Zhang, J., He, Y., & Wang, J. (2018). Analysis of gut microbiota profiles and microbe-disease associations in children with autism spectrum disorders in China. Scientific reports, 8(1), 13981. Article
Metabolic Support: Cardiovascular, Diabetes, Cancer, and Weight
Cani, P.D., Pssemiers, S., Van de Wiele, T., Guiot, Y., Everad, A., Rottier, O…. Delzenne, N.M. (2009). Changes in gut microbiota control inflammation in obese mice through a mechanism involving GLP-2 driven improvement of gut permeability. Gut, 58(8), 1091-1103. DOI:10.1136/gut.2008.165886
Cani, P. D. (2019). Severe obesity and gut microbiota: does bariatric surgery really reset the system?. Gut, 68(1), 5-6. Abstract
Cani, P. D., & Delzenne, N. M. (2009). The role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism and metabolic disease. Current pharmaceutical design, 15(13), 1546-1558. Article
Cani, P. D., Bibiloni, R., Knauf, C., Waget, A., Neyrinck, A. M., Delzenne, N. M., & Burcelin, R. (2008). Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet–induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes, 57(6), 1470-1481. Article
Cani, P. D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M. A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., … & Waget, A. (2007). Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes, 56(7), 1761-1772. Article
Cani, P. D., Neyrinck, A. M., Fava, F., Knauf, C., Burcelin, R. G., Tuohy, K. M., … & Delzenne, N. M. (2007). Selective increases of bifidobacteria in gut microflora improve high-fat-diet-induced diabetes in mice through a mechanism associated with endotoxaemia. Diabetologia, 50(11), 2374-2383. Article
Druat, C., Alligier, M., Salazar, N., Neyrinck, A.M., & Delzenne, N.M. (2014). Modulation of the gut microbiota by nutrients with prebiotic and probiotic properties. Adv Nur, 5(5), 624S-633S. DOI:10.3945/an.114.005835
Everard, A., & Cani, P. (2013). Diabetes, obesity and gut microbiota. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol, 27, 73–83. Article
Falcinelli, S., Rodiles, A., Hatef, A., Picchietti, S., Cossignani, L., Merrifield, D. L., … & Carnevali, O. (2017). Dietary lipid content reorganizes gut microbiota and probiotic L. rhamnosus attenuates obesity and enhances catabolic hormonal milieu in zebrafish. Scientific reports, 7(1), 5512. Article
Frazier, T. H., DiBaise, J. K., & McClain, C. J. (2011). Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, obesity-induced inflammation, and liver injury. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 35(5_suppl), 14S-20S. Article
Han, J. L., & Lin, H. L. (2014). Intestinal microbiota and type 2 diabetes: from mechanism insights to therapeutic perspective. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 20(47), 17737. Article
Korkmaz, O. A., Sadi, G., Kocabas, A., Yildirim, O. G., Sumlu, E., Koca, H. B., … & Bilgehan, M. Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus plantarum modulate renal antioxidant status in a rat model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Article
Macfarlane, S., Cleary, S., Bahrami, B., Reynolds, N., & Macfarlane, G. T. (2013). Synbiotic consumption changes the metabolism and composition of the gut microbiota in older people and modifies inflammatory processes: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 38(7), 804-816. Article
Marques, F. Z., Mackay, C. R., & Kaye, D. M. (2018). Beyond gut feelings: how the gut microbiota regulates blood pressure. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 15(1), 20. Article
Qin, Y., Roberts, J. D., Grimm, S. A., Lih, F. B., Deterding, L. J., Li, R., … & Wade, P. A. (2018). An obesity-associated gut microbiome reprograms the intestinal epigenome and leads to altered colonic gene expression. Genome biology, 19(1), 7. Article
Roberfroid, M., Gibson, G. R., Hoyles, L., McCartney, A. L., Rastall, R., Rowland, I., … & Guarner, F. (2010). Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. British Journal of Nutrition, 104(S2), S1-S63. Abstract
Serino, M., Blasco-Baque, V., Nicolas, S., & Burcelin, R. (2014). Managing the manager: gut microbes, stem cells and metabolism. Diabetes & metabolism, 40(3), 186-190. Abstract
Yan Q, Li X, Feng B. (2015). The efficacy and safety of probiotics intervention in preventing conversion of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes: study protocol for a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial of the Probiotics Prevention Diabetes Programme (PPDP). BMC Endocr Discord; 15(1): 74. Article
Cardiovascular and Fatty Liver Support
Álvarez-Mercado, A. I., Navarro-Oliveros, M., Robles-Sánchez, C., Plaza-Díaz, J., Sáez-Lara, M. J., Muñoz-Quezada, S., … & Abadía-Molina, F. (2019). Microbial Population Changes and Their Relationship with Human Health and Disease. Microorganisms, 7(3), 68. Article
Delzenne, N. M., Knudsen, C., Beaumont, M., Rodriguez, J., Neyrinck, A. M., & Bindels, L. B. (2019). Contribution of the gut microbiota to the regulation of host metabolism and energy balance: a focus on the gut–liver axis. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 1-10. Abstract
Fernandes, R., do Rosario, V. A., Mocellin, M. C., Kuntz, M. G., & Trindade, E. B. (2017). Effects of inulin-type fructans, galacto-oligosaccharides and related synbiotics on inflammatory markers in adult patients with overweight or obesity: A systematic review. Clinical Nutrition, 36(5), 1197-1206. Abstract
Iacono, A., Raso, G. M., Canani, R. B., Calignano, A., & Meli, R. (2011). Probiotics as an emerging therapeutic strategy to treat NAFLD: focus on molecular and biochemical mechanisms. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 22(8), 699-711. Article
Johnson-Henry et al. (2008). Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG prevents enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157:H7- Induced changes in epithelial barrier function. Infect Immun; 76:1340-1348. Abstract
Lee et al. (2006). Human originated bacteria, Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL60, produce conjugated linoleic acid and show anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta; 1761: 736-744. Article
Safari, Z., & Gérard, P. (2019). The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 1-18. Abstract
Shalitin, S., Battelino, T., & Moreno, L. A. (2019). Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Nutrition. Nutrition and Growth: Yearbook 2019, 119, 13-42. Chapter
Wang et al. (2009). Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum MA2 isolated from Tibet kefir on lipid metabolism and intestinal microflora of rats fed on high-cholesterol diet. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol; 84: 341-347. Abstract
Yadav et al. (2007). Antidiabetic effect of probiotic dahl containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei in high fructose fed rats. Nutrition; 23: 62-68. Article
Yari, Z., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2019). Dietary Interventions in Fatty Liver. In Dietary Interventions in Gastrointestinal Diseases (pp. 245-255). Academic Press. Abstract
The Microbiome & Support During Cancer
Alexander, J. L., Kohoutova, D., & Powell, N. (2019). Science in Focus: The Microbiome and Cancer Therapy. Clinical Oncology, 31(1), 1-4. Abstract
Arora, M., Baldi, A., Kapila, N., Bhandari, S., & Jeet, K. (2019). Impact of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Colon Cancer: Mechanistic Insights and Future Approaches. Current Cancer Therapy Reviews, 15(1), 27-36. Article
Banerjee, S., & Robertson, E. S. (2019). Future Perspectives: Microbiome, Cancer and Therapeutic Promise. In Microbiome and Cancer (pp. 363-389). Humana Press, Cham. Abstract
Belcheva, A., Irrazabal, T., & Martin, A. (2015). Gut microbial metabolism and colon cancer: can manipulations of the microbiota be useful in the management of gastrointestinal health?. Bioessays, 37(4), 403-412. Abstract
Buford, T. W. (2017). (Dis) Trust your gut: the gut microbiome in age-related inflammation, health, and disease. Microbiome, 5(1), 80. Article
Chen, B., Du, G., Guo, J., & Zhang, Y. (2019). Bugs, drugs, and cancer: can the microbiome be a potential therapeutic target for cancer management?. Drug discovery today. Article
De Almeida, C. V., de Camargo, M. R., Russo, E., & Amedei, A. (2019). Role of diet and gut microbiota on colorectal cancer immunomodulation. World journal of gastroenterology, 25(2), 151. Article
Dewar, M., Izawa, J., Li, F., Chanyi, R. M., Reid, G., & Burton, J. P. (2018). Microbiome.In Bladder Cancer (pp. 615-628). Academic Press. Chapter32
Drago, L. (2019). Probiotics and Colon Cancer. Microorganisms, 7(3), 66. Article
Femia, A. P., Luceri, C., Dolara, P., Giannini, A., Biggeri, A., Salvadori, M., … & Caderni, G. (2002). Antitumorigenic activity of the prebiotic inulin enriched with oligofructose in combination with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium lactis on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis, 23(11), 1953-1960. Article
Han, C. Dai, Y.Q., Hua, Z-C., Fu, G.F., Yin, Y., Hu, B., & Xu, G.X. (2019). Bifidobacterium as a delivery system of functional genes for cancer therapy. In A.M. Chakrabarty & A.M. Fialho (Eds.), Microbial infections and cancer therapy (pp. 1-32). Singapore: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd. Chapter1
Helmink, B. A., Khan, M. W., Hermann, A., Gopalakrishnan, V., & Wargo, J. A. (2019). The microbiome, cancer, and cancer therapy. Nature medicine, 1. Article
Hibberd, A. A., Lyra, A., Ouwehand, A. C., Rolny, P., Lindegren, H., Cedgård, L., & Wettergren, Y. (2017). Intestinal microbiota is altered in patients with colon cancer and modified by probiotic intervention. BMJ open gastroenterology, 4(1), e000145. Abstract
Li, W., Deng, Y., Chu, Q., & Zhang, P. (2019). Gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer letters. Article
Liong, M. T. (2008). Roles of probiotics and prebiotics in colon cancer prevention: postulated mechanisms and in-vivo evidence. International journal of molecular sciences, 9(5), 854-863. Abstract
Mazraeh, R., Azizi-Soleiman, F., Jazayeri, S. M. H. M., & Noori, S. M. A. (2019). Effect of inulin-type fructans in patients undergoing cancer treatments: A systematic review. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 35(2). Abstract
Nicoletti, A., Pompili, M., Gasbarrini, A., & Ponziani, F. R. (2019). Going with the gut: probiotics as a novel therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition. Editorial
Raza, M. H., Gul, K., Arshad, A., Riaz, N., Waheed, U., Rauf, A., … & Arshad, M. (2019). Microbiota in cancer development and treatment. Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 145(1), 49-63. Abstract
Sharma, A. (2019). Importance of Probiotics in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. In Recent Developments in Applied Microbiology and Biochemistry (pp. 33-45). Academic Press. Abstract
Sethi, V., Vitiello,
Only logged in customers who have purchased this product may leave a review.
Reviews
There are no reviews yet.